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使用ansible快速部署一套集群 1.Roles基本概述 通过使用 roles，你可以将复杂的设置和操作流程封装在一个统一的文件夹下，进而实现代码的复用和模块化例如你要部署负载均衡、web服务器、nfs、数据库，那你可以创建四个role每个role都组织管理了好了各白需要的所有元素(包括任务、变量、handler、文件等)的目录结构。2.创建单独一个Role 一个完整的Role里包含的目录和文件可能较多，手动去创建所有这些目录和文件是一件比较烦人的事，好在可以使用ansible-galaxy init ROLE NAME命令来快速创建一个符合Role文件组织规范的框架。[root@lb workspace]# ansible-galaxy init first_role [root@lb workspace]# tree first_role/ first_role/ # 角色名称，或者叫项目名 ├── README.md ├── defaults # 默认的变量（优先级很低） │ └── main.yml ├── files # 存放文件，使用copy模块时自动获取 ├── handlers # 存放触发器的配置 │ └── main.yml ├── meta # 依赖的服务，执行该项目时先执行其他的项目 │ └── main.yml ├── tasks # 默认执行的playbook │ └── main.yml ├── templates # 存放jinja2模板，使用template模块时自动获取 ├── tests │ ├── inventory │ └── test.yml └── vars # 存放变量 └── main.yml3.一些关键介绍 Ansible Roles的依赖关系说明`roles`允许你再使用roles时自动引入其他的roles。role依赖关系存储在roles目录中meta/main.yml文件中。 例如：推送wordpress并解压，前提条件，必须要安装nginx和php，把服务跑起来，才能运行wordpress的页面，此时我们就可以在wordpress的roles中定义依赖nginx和php的roles[root@m01 roles]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/wordpress/meta/main.yml dependencies: - { role: nginx } - { role: php } 如果编写了meta目录下的main.yml文件，那么Ansible会自动先执行meta目录中main.yml文件中的dependencies文件，如上所示，就会先执行nginx和php的安装。Role中有两个地方可以定义变量:roles/xxx/defaults/main.yml:用于定义Role的默认变量roles/xxx/vars/main.yml:用于定义其它变量两个文件之间的区别在于，defaults/main.yml中定义的变量优先级低于vars/main.yml中定义的变量。事实上，defaults/main.yml中的变量优先级几乎是最低的，基本上其它任何地方定义的变量都可以覆盖它4.基于roles机制重构playbook主机IP身份m01192.168.110.110控制端web01192.168.110.97受控端db01192.168.110.163受控端nfs192.168.110.51受控端web02192.168.110.191受控端lb01192.168.110.138受控端配置主机清单[root@manager ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts [lb] lb01 ansible_ssh_pass='1' [nfs_server] nfs ansible_ssh_pass='1' [web_group] web01 ansible_ssh_pass='1' web02 ansible_ssh_pass='1' [db_server] db01 ansible_ssh_pass='1' [www:children] lb nfs_server web_group db_server配置hosts[root@manager ~]# cat /etc/hosts # 添加如下内容 192.168.110.138 lb01 192.168.110.51 nfs 192.168.110.91 web01 192.168.110.191 web02 192.168.110.163 db01创建项目及各个role# 1、创建项目目录，项目名就叫roles吧，好理解 mkdir /project mkdir /project/roles # 2、在roles目录下创建一系列的role cd /project/roles # 切换到工作目录下 ansible-galaxy init base # 基础优化role ansible-galaxy init nfs # 部署nfs服务的role ansible-galaxy init web # 部署web服务的role ansible-galaxy init mysql # 部署mysql服务的role ansible-galaxy init lb # 部署lb负载均衡服务的role ansible-galaxy init wordpress # 部署wordpress项目的rolebase role[root@m01 tasks]# cat /project/roles/base/tasks/main.yml # tasks file for base - name: Stop Selinux selinux: state: disabled - name: Create www Group group: name: www gid: 1666 state: present - name: Create www User user: name: www uid: 1666 group: www shell: /sbin/nologin create_home: false state: presentnfs role 准备文件[root@m01 tasks]# cat /project/roles/nfs/files/exports.txt /data 192.168.110.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash) 编写tasks[root@m01 tasks]# cat /project/roles/nfs/tasks/main.yml # tasks file for nfs - name: Install nfs-util yum: name: nfs* state: present - name: mkidr /data file: path: "/data" state: directory - name: Config nfs copy: src: "exports.txt" dest: /etc/exports - name: Start nfs-server systemd: name: nfs-server state: restarted enabled: trueweb role 部署两台web上的Nginx+php环境，并且挂载好nfs共享存储 （1）准备好包和配置文件 nginx的安装源文件 cd /project/roles/web/filescat > nginx.repo << "EOF" [nginx-stable] name=nginx stable repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true [nginx-mainline] name=nginx mainline repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true EOFnginx转发php-fpm的配置cat > myweb.conf << "EOF" server { listen 8181; server_name localhost; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.php index.html; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param HTTPS on; include fastcgi_params; } } EOF准备好php-fpm的配置文件cat > www.conf << "EOF" [www] user = www group = www listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1 pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 5 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 slowlog = /var/opt/remi/php74/log/php-fpm/www-slow.log php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/opt/remi/php74/log/php-fpm/www-error.log php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on php_value[soap.wsdl_cache_dir] = /var/opt/remi/php74/lib/php/wsdlcache EOF（2）编写部署php-fpm+nginx的剧本 vi /project/roles/web/tasks/mian.yml# 1、安装php - name: Gather OS version command: cat /etc/redhat-release register: os_version - name: Extract major version from OS version set_fact: os_major_version: "{{ os_version.stdout.split()[3] | regex_replace('\\..*$', '') }}" - name: Extract minor version from OS version set_fact: os_minor_version: "{{ os_version.stdout.split()[3] | regex_replace('^[^.]*\\.', '') }}" - name: Install rpm package for CentOS 7.9 yum: name: http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm state: latest when: os_major_version == '7' and os_minor_version == '9.2009' - name: Install rpm package for CentOS 9.3 yum: name: http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-9.3.rpm state: latest when: os_major_version == '9' and os_minor_version == '3' - name: Install php-fpm yum: name: - 'php74-php-pdo' - 'php74-php-mbstring' - 'php74-php-cli' - 'php74-php-fpm' - 'php74-php-mysqlnd' state: latest - name: Config php-fpm copy: src: www.conf dest: /etc/opt/remi/php74/php-fpm.d/www.conf notify: restart_php - name: Start php-fpm systemd: name: php74-php-fpm state: restarted enabled: true #2、安装nginx，配置nginx代理php-fpm - name: copy nginx.repo copy: src: nginx.repo dest: /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo - name: Install nginx yum: name: nginx state: latest - name: Config nginx copy: src: myweb.conf dest: /etc/nginx/conf.d/myweb.conf notify: restart_nginx - name: Start nginx server systemd: name: nginx state: restarted enabled: true #3、配置所有web服务挂载nfs - name: 安装nfs yum: name: nfs-utils state: latest - name: 挂载 mount: path: /usr/share/nginx/html src: "{{ nfs_share_dir }}" fstype: nfs opts: defaults state: mounted配置触发器handler[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/web/handlers/main.yml # handlers file for web - name: restart_php systemd: name: php74-php-fpm state: restarted - name: restart_nginx systemd: name: nginx state: restarted 创建变量[root@m01 roles]# cat web/vars/main.yml nfs_share_dir: "192.168.110.51:/data"mysql role安装mysql_db模块ansible-galaxy collection install community.mysql编写剧本[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/web/handlers/main.yml # handlers file for web - name: restart_php systemd: name: php74-php-fpm state: restarted - name: restart_nginx systemd: name: nginx state: restarted [root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml # tasks file for mysql - name: Download PyMySQL tar.gz get_url: url: https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/44/39/6bcb83cae0095a31b6be4511707fdf2009d3e29903a55a0494d3a9a2fac0/PyMySQL-0.8.1.tar.gz dest: /tmp/PyMySQL-0.8.1.tar.gz - name: Extract PyMySQL tar.gz unarchive: src: /tmp/PyMySQL-0.8.1.tar.gz dest: /tmp/ remote_src: yes - name: Install PyMySQL command: cmd: "python setup.py install" chdir: "/tmp/PyMySQL-0.8.1" - name: clear mysql shell: "yum remove mysql* -y" ignore_errors: True - name: Install mariadb yum: name: mariadb* state: latest - name: init maridb shell: "rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*" - name: Start mariadb systemd: name: mariadb state: restarted enabled: true - name: create database mysql_db: # root登录localhost不允许，需要用套接字登录 login_unix_socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # 引用变量名必须加引号，否则报错 name: "{{ my_db.name }}" state: present encoding: "{{ my_db.encoding }}" - name: grant all on *.* to 'bob'@'192.168.110.%' identified by '12345'; mysql_user: login_unix_socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # 引用变量名必须加引号，否则报错 name: "{{ my_user.name }}" host: "{{ my_user.host }}" password: "{{ my_user.password }}" priv: "{{ my_user.priv }}" state: present创建变量文件[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/mysql/vars/main.yml # vars file for mysql my_db: name: wordpress encoding: utf8mb4 my_user: name: bob host: 192.168.110.% password: 12345 priv: '*.*:ALL' lb role 准备nginx.repo cd /project/roles/lb/filescat > lb/files/nginx.repo << "EOF" [nginx-stable] name=nginx stable repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true [nginx-mainline] name=nginx mainline repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true EOF准备证书openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048 openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -key server.key -out server.crt -subj "/C=CH/ST=mykey/L=mykey/O=mykey/OU=mykey/CN=domain1/CN=www.egon.com/CN=domain3"放置证书到lb/files目录下[root@m01 roles]# mv server.* /project/roles/lb/files/准备配置文件[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/lb/files/nginx.conf user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { upstream webserver { server 192.168.110.97:8181; server 192.168.110.191:8181; } server { listen 443 ssl; server_name www.egon.com 192.168.110.138; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl_key/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl_key/server.key; location / { proxy_pass http://webserver; # 把真实的访问者ip发给后端web，后端web会据此来拼接静态文件的url地址以便让访问者浏览器发起二次请求 # 如果没有下面的这段内容，后端web会将静态资源的url地址拼成http://webserver/static/img/1.jpg的形式，导致访问者浏览器二次访问失败 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_next_upstream error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504 http_403 http_404; } } server { listen 80; server_name 192.168.110.138 www.egon.com; rewrite (.*) https://$server_name$1; } } 编写剧本[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/lb/tasks/main.yml # tasks file for lb - name: clear nginx shell: > yum remove nginx* -y ; rm -rf /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx - name: copy nginx.repo copy: src: nginx.repo dest: /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo - name: Install nginx yum: name: nginx state: latest - name: Create dir file: path: /etc/nginx/ssl_key state: directory - name: copy multiple files copy: src: "{{ item.src }}" dest: "{{ item.dest }}" with_items: - { src: 'nginx.conf', dest: '/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'} - { src: 'server.crt', dest: '/etc/nginx/ssl_key/server.crt'} - { src: 'server.key', dest: '/etc/nginx/ssl_key/server.key'} notify: restart_nginx - name: Start nginx server systemd: name: nginx state: restarted enabled: true 配置触发器[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/lb/handlers/main.yml # handlers file for lb - name: restart_nginx systemd: name: nginx state: restartedwordpress role 安装包cd /project/roles/wordpress/files wget https://wordpress.org/latest.zip准备好配置文件（配置上数据库相关信息）[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/wordpress/files/wp-config.php <?php define( 'DB_NAME', 'wordpress' ); define( 'DB_USER', 'bob' ); define( 'DB_PASSWORD', '12345' ); define( 'DB_HOST', '192.168.110.138' ); define( 'DB_CHARSET', 'utf8mb4' ); define( 'DB_COLLATE', '' ); define( 'AUTH_KEY', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'SECURE_AUTH_KEY', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'LOGGED_IN_KEY', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'NONCE_KEY', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'AUTH_SALT', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'SECURE_AUTH_SALT', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'LOGGED_IN_SALT', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'NONCE_SALT', 'put your unique phrase here' ); $table_prefix = 'wp_'; define( 'WP_DEBUG', false ); if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) ) { define( 'ABSPATH', __DIR__ . '/' ); } require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-settings.php'; EOF 编写剧本（解压到nfs共享目录里就发布给了所有的web服务）[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/lb/handlers/main.yml # handlers file for lb - name: restart_nginx systemd: name: nginx state: restarted [root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/wordpress/tasks/main.yml --- # tasks file for wordpress - name: mkdir /data copy: src: "latest.zip" dest: "/data" - name: install unzip yum: name: unzip state: present - name: 发布 shell: unzip /data/latest.zip -d /data - name: 传送配置 copy: src: "wp-config.php" dest: "/data/wordpress/wp-config.php"整合为一个playbook编写一个playbook剧本，剧本里面一如各个子role,运行的时候运行这一个playbook即可[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/run.yml - name: 优化部分 hosts: all roles: - base - name: 安装nfs hosts: nfs_server roles: - nfs - name: 安装web hosts: web_group roles: # 其实你可以将安装web进一步细分为nginx role与php role，留给你作业了 - web - name: 安装数据库 hosts: db_server roles: - mysql - name: 配置负载均衡和高可用 hosts: lb_server roles: - lb #- keepalived # 高可用role留给你来实现 - name: 发布wordpress项目 hosts: nfs_server roles: - wordpress补充：各个子role里的hosts其实不用指定，run.yml已经指定了ansible-playbook /project/roles/run.yml访问负载均衡：https://192.168.110.138/wordpress/- 2023年07月19日
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