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docker容器导出为镜像 容器分层可写层:upperdir镜像层(只读层):lowerdir容器被删掉后，可写层的数据就没了，如果我们的需求是基于一个基础镜像制作一个新镜像，那么我们可以这么做，pul一个基础镜像，然后用该镜像run启动一个容器，然后exec进入容器内部署各种软件做好一些配置，这些写操作都留在了upperdir层，一旦销毁容器一切都不复存在，此时可以在容器外使用commit命令把容器整体upperdir+lowerdir导出为一个新镜像下载基础镜像docker pull centos:7启动容器docker run -d --name test111 centos:7 sleep 10000进入容器安装、修改配置、编写启动文件[root@test03 ~]# docker exec -ti test111 sh sh-4.2# mkdir /soft sh-4.2# echo 111 > /soft/1.txt sh-4.2# echo 222 > /soft/2.txt sh-4.2# echo "echo start...;tail -f /dev/null" > /soft/run.sh sh-4.2# exitcommit镜像当前运行的容器，其实就是它的upperdir+lowerdir导出为一个新镜像[root@test03 ~]# docker commit test111 myimage:v1.0 [root@test03 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE myimage v1.0 adfed0daa724 4 seconds ago 204MB[root@test03 ~]# docker run -d --name test222 myimage:v1.0 sh /soft/run.sh ea04adcee6d7f157f764d2c8028eb5bdfd9c02a436ba3941c87a58304e853dfa [root@test03 ~]# [root@test03 ~]# [root@test03 ~]# docker top test222 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 21349 21330 0 11:39 ? 00:00:00 sh /soft/run.sh root 21375 21349 0 11:39 ? 00:00:00 tail -f /dev/null -
docker部署自己的镜像仓库 启动自己的registrydocker pull registry mkdir /opt/registry docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry -v /opt/registry:/var/lib/registry registry配置文件cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF { "storage-driver": "overlay2", "insecure-registries": ["192.168.110.138:5000"], "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.chenby.cn"], "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "live-restore": true } EOFsystemctl restart docker往自定义仓库推送镜像docker images 镜像地址格式 192.168.15.100:5000/egonlin/nginx:v1.18 先打标签 docker tag centos:7 192.168.110.138:5000/egonlin/centos:7 后推送 docker push 172.16.10.14:5000/egonlin/centos:7在另外一台机器验证，pull镜像docker pull 192.168.110.138:5000/egonlin/centos:7扩展解决安全问题，上面的无论是谁都可以pull和push了，不合理，应该有账号认证yum install httpd-tools -y mkdir /opt/registry-auth -p htpasswd -Bbn axing 123 >> /opt/registry-auth/htpasswd重新启动容器docker container rm -f 容器registry的id号码docker run -d \ -p 5000:5000 \ -v /opt/registry-auth:/auth \ -v /opt/registry:/var/lib/registry \ --name register-auth \ -e "REGISTRY_AUTH=htpasswd" \ -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_REALM=Registry Realm" \ -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_PATH=/auth/htpasswd" \ registry:2在测试机进行登录测试docker login -u axing -p 123 192.168.110.138:5000然后进行push操作docker pull 192.168.110.138:5000/egonlin/centos:7问题总结# 一、问题: docker登录私有harbor，发现登陆报错； Error response from daemon:Get “https:.//.../v2/"": http: server gave HTTP response to HTTs client # 二、解决方法: 1.在服务器中，cd到docker目录下 cd /etc/docker 2.看这个目录下有没有daemon.json 这个文件，如果没有就手动创建 touch daemon.json，然后 vim daemon.json touch daemon.json vim daemon.json 3.在里面写入一个类似于json格式的键值对 { "insecure-registries":["你的harborip:端口"] } #这里填入的就是你的harbor ip地址 4.重启docker服务 Systemctl restart docker 5.然后把docker容器都起来 docker start container_name #container_name 就是你们docker里的容器名字，把他们都起来 6.现在再去登录docker harbor，即可登录成功
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docker安装 1.首先关闭防火墙和selinuxsetenforce 0 systemctl stop firewalld iptables -t filter -F2.安装卸载之前的dockeryum remove docker docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine -y安装docker所需安装包yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2安装docker yum源yum install wget -y # 官方源（国内访问不了了） wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # 可以用阿里云的（与官网的是一致的，感谢阿里云） yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo安装docker# 1、安装 yum install docker-ce -y systemctl start docker # 启动后，才会创建出目录/etc/docker # 2、修改配置 vim /etc/docker/daemon.json # 修改文件时记得去掉下面的注释 { # 1、cgroup驱动，在介绍cgroup机制时会详细介绍 "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], # 2、由于国内特殊的网络环境，往往我们从Docker Hub中拉取镜像并不能成功，而且速度特别慢。那么我们可以给Docker配置一个国内的registry mirror，当我们需要的镜像在mirror中则直接返回，如果没有则从Docker Hub中拉取。是否使用registry mirror对Docker用户来说是透明的。 "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.chenby.cn"], # 3、# 修改数据的存放目录到/opt/mydocker/，原/var/lib/docker/ # 3.1 老版本docker-ce指定数据目录用graph # "graph": "/opt/mydocker", # 3.2 docker20.x.x新版本不用graph，而是用data-root # "data-root": "/opt/mydocker", # 4、重启docker服务，容器全部退出的解决办法 "live-restore": true }启动并设置开机自启先创建出数据目录 [root@docker01 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/mydocker [root@docker01 ~]# systemctl restart docker.service [root@docker01 ~]# systemctl enable --now docker.service [root@docker01 ~]# docker info # 查看
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使用ansible快速部署一套集群 1.Roles基本概述 通过使用 roles，你可以将复杂的设置和操作流程封装在一个统一的文件夹下，进而实现代码的复用和模块化例如你要部署负载均衡、web服务器、nfs、数据库，那你可以创建四个role每个role都组织管理了好了各白需要的所有元素(包括任务、变量、handler、文件等)的目录结构。2.创建单独一个Role 一个完整的Role里包含的目录和文件可能较多，手动去创建所有这些目录和文件是一件比较烦人的事，好在可以使用ansible-galaxy init ROLE NAME命令来快速创建一个符合Role文件组织规范的框架。[root@lb workspace]# ansible-galaxy init first_role [root@lb workspace]# tree first_role/ first_role/ # 角色名称，或者叫项目名 ├── README.md ├── defaults # 默认的变量（优先级很低） │ └── main.yml ├── files # 存放文件，使用copy模块时自动获取 ├── handlers # 存放触发器的配置 │ └── main.yml ├── meta # 依赖的服务，执行该项目时先执行其他的项目 │ └── main.yml ├── tasks # 默认执行的playbook │ └── main.yml ├── templates # 存放jinja2模板，使用template模块时自动获取 ├── tests │ ├── inventory │ └── test.yml └── vars # 存放变量 └── main.yml3.一些关键介绍 Ansible Roles的依赖关系说明`roles`允许你再使用roles时自动引入其他的roles。role依赖关系存储在roles目录中meta/main.yml文件中。 例如：推送wordpress并解压，前提条件，必须要安装nginx和php，把服务跑起来，才能运行wordpress的页面，此时我们就可以在wordpress的roles中定义依赖nginx和php的roles[root@m01 roles]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/wordpress/meta/main.yml dependencies: - { role: nginx } - { role: php } 如果编写了meta目录下的main.yml文件，那么Ansible会自动先执行meta目录中main.yml文件中的dependencies文件，如上所示，就会先执行nginx和php的安装。Role中有两个地方可以定义变量:roles/xxx/defaults/main.yml:用于定义Role的默认变量roles/xxx/vars/main.yml:用于定义其它变量两个文件之间的区别在于，defaults/main.yml中定义的变量优先级低于vars/main.yml中定义的变量。事实上，defaults/main.yml中的变量优先级几乎是最低的，基本上其它任何地方定义的变量都可以覆盖它4.基于roles机制重构playbook主机IP身份m01192.168.110.110控制端web01192.168.110.97受控端db01192.168.110.163受控端nfs192.168.110.51受控端web02192.168.110.191受控端lb01192.168.110.138受控端配置主机清单[root@manager ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts [lb] lb01 ansible_ssh_pass='1' [nfs_server] nfs ansible_ssh_pass='1' [web_group] web01 ansible_ssh_pass='1' web02 ansible_ssh_pass='1' [db_server] db01 ansible_ssh_pass='1' [www:children] lb nfs_server web_group db_server配置hosts[root@manager ~]# cat /etc/hosts # 添加如下内容 192.168.110.138 lb01 192.168.110.51 nfs 192.168.110.91 web01 192.168.110.191 web02 192.168.110.163 db01创建项目及各个role# 1、创建项目目录，项目名就叫roles吧，好理解 mkdir /project mkdir /project/roles # 2、在roles目录下创建一系列的role cd /project/roles # 切换到工作目录下 ansible-galaxy init base # 基础优化role ansible-galaxy init nfs # 部署nfs服务的role ansible-galaxy init web # 部署web服务的role ansible-galaxy init mysql # 部署mysql服务的role ansible-galaxy init lb # 部署lb负载均衡服务的role ansible-galaxy init wordpress # 部署wordpress项目的rolebase role[root@m01 tasks]# cat /project/roles/base/tasks/main.yml # tasks file for base - name: Stop Selinux selinux: state: disabled - name: Create www Group group: name: www gid: 1666 state: present - name: Create www User user: name: www uid: 1666 group: www shell: /sbin/nologin create_home: false state: presentnfs role 准备文件[root@m01 tasks]# cat /project/roles/nfs/files/exports.txt /data 192.168.110.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash) 编写tasks[root@m01 tasks]# cat /project/roles/nfs/tasks/main.yml # tasks file for nfs - name: Install nfs-util yum: name: nfs* state: present - name: mkidr /data file: path: "/data" state: directory - name: Config nfs copy: src: "exports.txt" dest: /etc/exports - name: Start nfs-server systemd: name: nfs-server state: restarted enabled: trueweb role 部署两台web上的Nginx+php环境，并且挂载好nfs共享存储 （1）准备好包和配置文件 nginx的安装源文件 cd /project/roles/web/filescat > nginx.repo << "EOF" [nginx-stable] name=nginx stable repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true [nginx-mainline] name=nginx mainline repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true EOFnginx转发php-fpm的配置cat > myweb.conf << "EOF" server { listen 8181; server_name localhost; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.php index.html; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param HTTPS on; include fastcgi_params; } } EOF准备好php-fpm的配置文件cat > www.conf << "EOF" [www] user = www group = www listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1 pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 5 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 slowlog = /var/opt/remi/php74/log/php-fpm/www-slow.log php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/opt/remi/php74/log/php-fpm/www-error.log php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on php_value[soap.wsdl_cache_dir] = /var/opt/remi/php74/lib/php/wsdlcache EOF（2）编写部署php-fpm+nginx的剧本 vi /project/roles/web/tasks/mian.yml# 1、安装php - name: Gather OS version command: cat /etc/redhat-release register: os_version - name: Extract major version from OS version set_fact: os_major_version: "{{ os_version.stdout.split()[3] | regex_replace('\\..*$', '') }}" - name: Extract minor version from OS version set_fact: os_minor_version: "{{ os_version.stdout.split()[3] | regex_replace('^[^.]*\\.', '') }}" - name: Install rpm package for CentOS 7.9 yum: name: http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm state: latest when: os_major_version == '7' and os_minor_version == '9.2009' - name: Install rpm package for CentOS 9.3 yum: name: http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-9.3.rpm state: latest when: os_major_version == '9' and os_minor_version == '3' - name: Install php-fpm yum: name: - 'php74-php-pdo' - 'php74-php-mbstring' - 'php74-php-cli' - 'php74-php-fpm' - 'php74-php-mysqlnd' state: latest - name: Config php-fpm copy: src: www.conf dest: /etc/opt/remi/php74/php-fpm.d/www.conf notify: restart_php - name: Start php-fpm systemd: name: php74-php-fpm state: restarted enabled: true #2、安装nginx，配置nginx代理php-fpm - name: copy nginx.repo copy: src: nginx.repo dest: /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo - name: Install nginx yum: name: nginx state: latest - name: Config nginx copy: src: myweb.conf dest: /etc/nginx/conf.d/myweb.conf notify: restart_nginx - name: Start nginx server systemd: name: nginx state: restarted enabled: true #3、配置所有web服务挂载nfs - name: 安装nfs yum: name: nfs-utils state: latest - name: 挂载 mount: path: /usr/share/nginx/html src: "{{ nfs_share_dir }}" fstype: nfs opts: defaults state: mounted配置触发器handler[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/web/handlers/main.yml # handlers file for web - name: restart_php systemd: name: php74-php-fpm state: restarted - name: restart_nginx systemd: name: nginx state: restarted 创建变量[root@m01 roles]# cat web/vars/main.yml nfs_share_dir: "192.168.110.51:/data"mysql role安装mysql_db模块ansible-galaxy collection install community.mysql编写剧本[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/web/handlers/main.yml # handlers file for web - name: restart_php systemd: name: php74-php-fpm state: restarted - name: restart_nginx systemd: name: nginx state: restarted [root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml # tasks file for mysql - name: Download PyMySQL tar.gz get_url: url: https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/44/39/6bcb83cae0095a31b6be4511707fdf2009d3e29903a55a0494d3a9a2fac0/PyMySQL-0.8.1.tar.gz dest: /tmp/PyMySQL-0.8.1.tar.gz - name: Extract PyMySQL tar.gz unarchive: src: /tmp/PyMySQL-0.8.1.tar.gz dest: /tmp/ remote_src: yes - name: Install PyMySQL command: cmd: "python setup.py install" chdir: "/tmp/PyMySQL-0.8.1" - name: clear mysql shell: "yum remove mysql* -y" ignore_errors: True - name: Install mariadb yum: name: mariadb* state: latest - name: init maridb shell: "rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*" - name: Start mariadb systemd: name: mariadb state: restarted enabled: true - name: create database mysql_db: # root登录localhost不允许，需要用套接字登录 login_unix_socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # 引用变量名必须加引号，否则报错 name: "{{ my_db.name }}" state: present encoding: "{{ my_db.encoding }}" - name: grant all on *.* to 'bob'@'192.168.110.%' identified by '12345'; mysql_user: login_unix_socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # 引用变量名必须加引号，否则报错 name: "{{ my_user.name }}" host: "{{ my_user.host }}" password: "{{ my_user.password }}" priv: "{{ my_user.priv }}" state: present创建变量文件[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/mysql/vars/main.yml # vars file for mysql my_db: name: wordpress encoding: utf8mb4 my_user: name: bob host: 192.168.110.% password: 12345 priv: '*.*:ALL' lb role 准备nginx.repo cd /project/roles/lb/filescat > lb/files/nginx.repo << "EOF" [nginx-stable] name=nginx stable repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true [nginx-mainline] name=nginx mainline repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true EOF准备证书openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048 openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -key server.key -out server.crt -subj "/C=CH/ST=mykey/L=mykey/O=mykey/OU=mykey/CN=domain1/CN=www.egon.com/CN=domain3"放置证书到lb/files目录下[root@m01 roles]# mv server.* /project/roles/lb/files/准备配置文件[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/lb/files/nginx.conf user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { upstream webserver { server 192.168.110.97:8181; server 192.168.110.191:8181; } server { listen 443 ssl; server_name www.egon.com 192.168.110.138; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl_key/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl_key/server.key; location / { proxy_pass http://webserver; # 把真实的访问者ip发给后端web，后端web会据此来拼接静态文件的url地址以便让访问者浏览器发起二次请求 # 如果没有下面的这段内容，后端web会将静态资源的url地址拼成http://webserver/static/img/1.jpg的形式，导致访问者浏览器二次访问失败 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_next_upstream error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504 http_403 http_404; } } server { listen 80; server_name 192.168.110.138 www.egon.com; rewrite (.*) https://$server_name$1; } } 编写剧本[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/lb/tasks/main.yml # tasks file for lb - name: clear nginx shell: > yum remove nginx* -y ; rm -rf /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx - name: copy nginx.repo copy: src: nginx.repo dest: /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo - name: Install nginx yum: name: nginx state: latest - name: Create dir file: path: /etc/nginx/ssl_key state: directory - name: copy multiple files copy: src: "{{ item.src }}" dest: "{{ item.dest }}" with_items: - { src: 'nginx.conf', dest: '/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'} - { src: 'server.crt', dest: '/etc/nginx/ssl_key/server.crt'} - { src: 'server.key', dest: '/etc/nginx/ssl_key/server.key'} notify: restart_nginx - name: Start nginx server systemd: name: nginx state: restarted enabled: true 配置触发器[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/lb/handlers/main.yml # handlers file for lb - name: restart_nginx systemd: name: nginx state: restartedwordpress role 安装包cd /project/roles/wordpress/files wget https://wordpress.org/latest.zip准备好配置文件（配置上数据库相关信息）[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/wordpress/files/wp-config.php <?php define( 'DB_NAME', 'wordpress' ); define( 'DB_USER', 'bob' ); define( 'DB_PASSWORD', '12345' ); define( 'DB_HOST', '192.168.110.138' ); define( 'DB_CHARSET', 'utf8mb4' ); define( 'DB_COLLATE', '' ); define( 'AUTH_KEY', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'SECURE_AUTH_KEY', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'LOGGED_IN_KEY', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'NONCE_KEY', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'AUTH_SALT', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'SECURE_AUTH_SALT', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'LOGGED_IN_SALT', 'put your unique phrase here' ); define( 'NONCE_SALT', 'put your unique phrase here' ); $table_prefix = 'wp_'; define( 'WP_DEBUG', false ); if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) ) { define( 'ABSPATH', __DIR__ . '/' ); } require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-settings.php'; EOF 编写剧本（解压到nfs共享目录里就发布给了所有的web服务）[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/lb/handlers/main.yml # handlers file for lb - name: restart_nginx systemd: name: nginx state: restarted [root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/wordpress/tasks/main.yml --- # tasks file for wordpress - name: mkdir /data copy: src: "latest.zip" dest: "/data" - name: install unzip yum: name: unzip state: present - name: 发布 shell: unzip /data/latest.zip -d /data - name: 传送配置 copy: src: "wp-config.php" dest: "/data/wordpress/wp-config.php"整合为一个playbook编写一个playbook剧本，剧本里面一如各个子role,运行的时候运行这一个playbook即可[root@m01 base]# cat /project/roles/run.yml - name: 优化部分 hosts: all roles: - base - name: 安装nfs hosts: nfs_server roles: - nfs - name: 安装web hosts: web_group roles: # 其实你可以将安装web进一步细分为nginx role与php role，留给你作业了 - web - name: 安装数据库 hosts: db_server roles: - mysql - name: 配置负载均衡和高可用 hosts: lb_server roles: - lb #- keepalived # 高可用role留给你来实现 - name: 发布wordpress项目 hosts: nfs_server roles: - wordpress补充：各个子role里的hosts其实不用指定，run.yml已经指定了ansible-playbook /project/roles/run.yml访问负载均衡：https://192.168.110.138/wordpress/
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配置一台YUM源服务器 先下载好镜像下面这个是阿里的镜像站，可以自己选择版本https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/isos/x86_64/?spm=a2c6h.25603864.0.0.18a9f5adJSpgfw1.测试环境准备两台CentOS7.9操作系统的服务器或虚拟机，host01作为服务端，host02作为客户端，要确保客户端必须可以访问到服务端； 准备好CentOS7.9的ISO文件：CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso 关闭防火墙和SELinux，开启防火墙的情况下需要开放80端口，因为下面我使用web软件对外提供服务。2.测试场景测试过程中分为以下两种情况： (1)仅将ISO文件中的安装包上传到服务器中； (2)需要自定义软件包，比如将ISO文件中的安装包和自己下载的软件包一起放在YUM源服务器中； 两种情况也可以理解成一种，实际上它们都是rpm包。3.前提条件需要在服务端安装web服务，这里使用Apache，也可以使用Nginx；安装Apache：yum install httpd -y如果服务端不能访问外面，需要先配置本地YUM源，本地YUM源的方法见本文末尾。启动服务：systemctl start httpd当然服务端不强制使用web服务，也可以使用ftp服务。4.仅使用ISO文件中的安装包这个需求是最简单的，因为ISO文件中自带软件包索引文件，不需要额外创建。4.1挂载ISO文件挂载ISO文件后，可以看到以下目录及文件：重点是Packages和repodata两个目录，KEY文件可以不使用。基本Packages包含所有软件包，repodata包含软件包的索引文件。4.2拷贝ISO中的软件包到服务端创建目录：mkdir /var/www/html/CentOS7.9拷贝文件：cp -a /mnt/Packages /var/www/html/CentOS7.9 cp -a /mnt/repodata /var/www/html/CentOS7.9http://192.168.110.51/CentOS7.9/4.3配置客户端测试[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo [Local_YUM] name=Local_YUM baseurl=http://192.168.110.51/CentOS7.9 enable=1 gpgcheck=0 [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache 已加载插件：fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileLocal_YUM | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 Local_YUM/group_gz FAILED http://192.168.110.51/CentOS7.9/repodata/a4e2b46586aa556c3b6f814dad5b16db5a669984d66b68e873586cd7c7253301-c7-x86_64-comps.xml.gz: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found 正在尝试其它镜像。To address this issue please refer to the below wiki article https://wiki.centos.org/yum-errorsIf above article doesn't help to resolve this issue please use https://bugs.centos.org/.Local_YUM/primary_db FAILED http://192.168.110.51/CentOS7.9/repodata/0e82d111931e402316702696ae4178e65673dc0f9c23a2bb012d192cb2625ea1-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found 正在尝试其它镜像。Local_YUM/filelists_db FAILED http://192.168.110.51/CentOS7.9/repodata/60aa4673bf5fa63d1a7a640ef407b8e48fe5b3337720d844a29a53fec130d6da-filelists.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found 正在尝试其它镜像。Local_YUM/other_db FAILED http://192.168.110.51/CentOS7.9/repodata/9d6292fa12fd9ca472fafa8c0b348c3e1f139681aa066d41dc53b3563bcd1f53-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found 正在尝试其它镜像。Local_YUM/primary_db FAILED http://192.168.110.51/CentOS7.9/repodata/0e82d111931e402316702696ae4178e65673dc0f9c23a2bb012d192cb2625ea1-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found 正在尝试其它镜像。Local_YUM/other_db FAILED http://192.168.110.51/CentOS7.9/repodata/9d6292fa12fd9ca472fafa8c0b348c3e1f139681aa066d41dc53b3563bcd1f53-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found 正在尝试其它镜像。Local_YUM/filelists_db FAILED http://192.168.110.51/CentOS7.9/repodata/60aa4673bf5fa63d1a7a640ef407b8e48fe5b3337720d844a29a53fec130d6da-filelists.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found 正在尝试其它镜像。http://192.168.110.51/CentOS7.9/repodata/0e82d111931e402316702696ae4178e65673dc0f9c23a2bb012d192cb2625ea1-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found 正在尝试其它镜像。 One of the configured repositories failed (Local_YUM), and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the only safe thing yum can do is fail. There are a few ways to work "fix" this: 1. Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem. 2. Reconfigure the baseurl/etc. for the repository, to point to a working upstream. This is most often useful if you are using a newer distribution release than is supported by the repository (and the packages for the previous distribution release still work). 3. Run the command with the repository temporarily disabled yum --disablerepo=Local_YUM ... 4. Disable the repository permanently, so yum won't use it by default. Yum will then just ignore the repository until you permanently enable it again or use --enablerepo for temporary usage: yum-config-manager --disable Local_YUM or subscription-manager repos --disable=Local_YUM 5. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable. Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands, so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be be much slower). If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nice compromise: yum-config-manager --save --setopt=Local_YUM.skip_if_unavailable=truefailure: repodata/0e82d111931e402316702696ae4178e65673dc0f9c23a2bb012d192cb2625ea1-primary.sqlite.bz2 from Local_YUM: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.http://192.168.110.51/CentOS7.9/repodata/0e82d111931e402316702696ae4178e65673dc0f9c23a2bb012d192cb2625ea1-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found如果报错的话repodata的元数据有问题，这问题是没有后缀手动生成了后缀。mv a4e2b46586aa556c3b6f814dad5b16db5a669984d66b68e873586cd7c7253301 a4e2b46586aa556c3b6f814dad5b16db5a669984d66b68e873586cd7c7253301-c7-x86_64-comps.xml.gz mv 0e82d111931e402316702696ae4178e65673dc0f9c23a2bb012d192cb2625ea1 0e82d111931e402316702696ae4178e65673dc0f9c23a2bb012d192cb2625ea1-primary.sqlite.bz2 mv 60aa4673bf5fa63d1a7a640ef407b8e48fe5b3337720d844a29a53fec130d6da 60aa4673bf5fa63d1a7a640ef407b8e48fe5b3337720d844a29a53fec130d6da-filelists.sqlite.bz2 mv 9d6292fa12fd9ca472fafa8c0b348c3e1f139681aa066d41dc53b3563bcd1f53 9d6292fa12fd9ca472fafa8c0b348c3e1f139681aa066d41dc53b3563bcd1f53-other.sqlite.bz2另一种方式是使用createrepo重新生成元数据:createrepo /path/to/your/local/repo4.3.1 配置YUM文件将原有的配置文件删除，新建一个：rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/* touch /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo #注意文件名必须以repo结尾vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo [Local_YUM] name=Local_YUM baseurl=http://192.168.110.51/CentOS7.9 enable=1 gpgcheck=04.3.2 更新YUM缓存yum clean all yum makecache4.3.3 安装软件包安装一个系统中未安装的软件包，这里以wget软件为例：rpm -qa | grep wget #查看wget软件包是否安装 yum install wget -y #安装wget5.添加自定义安装包到YUM服务器中5.1准备软件包比如需要安装数据库：MariaDB-server-10.11.7，此时YUM服务器是不存在这些软件包的，先把软件包上传到服务器中，如：MariaDB-server目录中包含了MariaDB-server-10.11.7和MariaDB-client-10.11.7所需要的依赖包，但只有rpm包还不能使用，需要为它们创建索引文件。5.2创建索引创建索引需要使用createrepo命令，默认情况下未安装该命令，安装createrepo：yum install createrepo -y比如说安装MariaDB先去官网将其复制并粘贴到 /etc/yum.repos.d 下的文件中（建议将文件命名为 MariaDB.repo 或类似名称）。 # MariaDB 11.4 CentOS repository list - created 2024-07-15 08:20 UTC # https://mariadb.org/download/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB # rpm.mariadb.org is a dynamic mirror if your preferred mirror goes offline. See https://mariadb.org/mirrorbits/ for details. # baseurl = https://rpm.mariadb.org/11.4/centos/$releasever/$basearch baseurl = https://mirror.rackspace.com/mariadb/yum/11.4/centos/$releasever/$basearch module_hotfixes = 1 # gpgkey = https://rpm.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgkey = https://mirror.rackspace.com/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck = 1sudo yum --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/abc install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client 可以把安装包和依赖包缓存起来并且指定路径创建索引信息：createrepo -v /var/www/html/MariaDB-server因为之前配置ISO文件中的软件包不包含MariaDB 10.11.7版本，所以还无法安装成功。5.3.1配置YUM文件touch /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo [Mariadb_YUM] name=Mariadb_YUM baseurl=http://192.168.110.51/MariaDB-server enable=1 gpgcheck=05.3.2更新YUM缓存yum install MariaDB-server-11.4.2 MariaDB-client-11.4.2已经可以安装成功了。6.总结至此，我们已经拥有一台在内网可以使用的YUM服务器了；以上也可以将所有rpm软件包放在同一个目录中，使用createrepo命令创建索引，以上为了区分配置了两个目录；重点操作：在客户端配置YUM文件中的baseurl时，路径为repodata目录所在的目录，比如repodata目录在MariaDB-server中，则写成：baseurl=http://192.168.110.51/MariaDB-server附录：(1)挂载ISO文件如果使用的是VMWare虚拟机管理工具，把iso文件挂载到光驱中，然后挂载，比如将镜像到mnt目录下：mount /dev/cdrom /mnt如果是其他方式，可以将iso文件上传到操作系统中，其后挂载：mount -o loop CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso /mnt(2)移除/备份系统当前YUM文件备份当前系统中的YUM源配置文件：mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak && mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak(3)创建并配置YUM文件vim /etc/yum.repos.d/localyum.repo增加内容如下：[CentOS7.6] name=CentOS7.6 Local YUMbaseurl=file:///mnt gpgcheck=0 enabled=1参数说明： 参数说明： [CentOS7.6] #名称，需自定义，确保在YUM配置文件中唯一 name=CentOS7.6 Local YUM #描述信息 baseurl=file:///mnt #设置 yum 源目录为mnt，根据挂载的目录而定 gpgcheck=0 #检查GPG-KEY，0为不检查，1为检查 enabled=1 #是否用该yum源，0为禁用，1为使用更新软件包索引：yum clean all yum makecache
